Research overview of anti-osteoporosis effects of traditional animal medicines / 药学实践杂志

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolism disease characterized by low bone mass, bone microstructure destruction, increased bone fragility, and easy fracture，which is more common in the elderly. Animal medicine, as an important part of natural medicines, has the characteristics of wide resources, complex chemical components, and broad pharmacological effects. It has been extensively used in the field of anti-osteoporosis. This article summarizes the pharmacological effects and applications of several major animal medicines for osteoporosis, and discusses the existing problems, aiming to provide a reference for the development of animal drugs against osteoporosis.

Echocardiographic features of pre- and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension with a focus on the right ventricle in dogs

ABSTRACT: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs is a syndrome that can occur secondary to several causes, including left heart disease (postcapillary) and chronic respiratory disease (precapillary). This study evaluates morphological and functional consequences in the right ventricle (RV) of dogs with pre- and postcapillary PH through echocardiography, and also considers the severity of PH (mild, moderate or severe). Echocardiography was performed on 66 dogs of various breeds and weights (age >3 years old) which were assigned to three groups: postcapillary PH, which included mitral valve disease/endocardiosis, precapillary PH, which included chronic respiratory diseases (bronchitis, collapse of the trachea and primary lung cancer or metastasis), and finally, a healthy group of controls. The parameters for RV morphology were RV1, RV2, and RV3 for systole and diastole. The following measurements were used to assess RV systolic function: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), TAPSE:Ao (aorta), maximum velocity of the tricuspid systolic wave obtained by tissue Doppler (S), S:Ao, right ventricle end-diastolic area (RVEDA); RVEDA:BSA (body surface area); flow velocity integral (FVI) and FVI:Ao. The variables were assessed using ANOVA. The results showed that RV3d, RV1s, S:Ao, S, and FVI were able to distinguish cases of pre- and postcapillary PH in this study. Remodeling of the RV of dogs with PH was observed, which can be influenced by the pre- or postcapillary origin of the PH, with dilation in dogs with postcapillary PH and severe PH. The results for RV systolic function were similar, with FVI and FVI:Ao showing that RV ejection function is reduced in dogs with postcapillary PH and with severe PH.

RESUMO: A hipertensão pulmonar (HP) em cães é uma síndrome que pode ocorrer secundária às diversas causas, dentre elas, a doença cardíaca esquerda (pós-capilar) e a doença respiratória crônica (pré-capilar). Essa é uma condição importante que motivou os objetivos do estudo: avaliar ecocardiograficamente as consequências morfológicas e funcionais no ventrículo direito (VD) dos cães acometidos com HP pré- e pós-capilar, considerando também o estágio de severidade da HP (leve, moderada ou severa). A ecocardiografia foi realizada em 66 cães de diversas raças e pesos, com pelo menos quatro anos de idade, que compuseram um grupo com doença valvar mitral, ou endocardiose, outro com doença respiratória crônica (bronquite, colapso de traqueia e neoplasia pulmonar primária ou metástase), e por último, um grupo saudável. Os parâmetros para a morfologia do VD foram RV1, RV2 e RV3 na sístole e na diástole. Para a avaliação da função sistólica do VD foram mensurados: excursão sistólica do plano anular tricúspide (TAPSE), TAPSE:Ao (aorta), velocidade máxima da onda sistólica da tricúspide obtida pelo doppler tecidual (S), S:Ao, área do ventrículo direito no final da diástole (RVEDA); RVEDA:BSA (body superficie area); integral tempo velocidade (FVI) e FVI:Ao. As variáveis foram avaliadas por meio da ANOVA. Os resultados mostraram que RV3d, RV1s, S:Ao, S e FVI foram capazes de distinguir casos de HP pré e pós-capilar neste estudo. Observou-se que há remodelamento do VD de cães com HP e este pode ser influenciado pela origem pré ou pós-capilar da HP, encontrando-se dilatado em cães com HP pós capilar e com HP severa. Os resultados para a função sistólica do VD foram similares, uma vez que o FVI e FVI:Ao mostraram que a capacidade de ejeção do VD está reduzida nos cães com HP pós-capilar e com HP severa.

Echocardiographic features of pre- and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension with a focus on the right ventricle in dogs / Características ecocardiográficas da hipertensão pulmonar pré e pós-capilar em cães com foco no ventrículo direito

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs is a syndrome that can occur secondary to several causes, including left heart disease (postcapillary) and chronic respiratory disease (precapillary). This study evaluates morphological and functional consequences in the right ventricle (RV) of dogs with pre- and postcapillary PH through echocardiography, and also considers the severity of PH (mild, moderate or severe). Echocardiography was performed on 66 dogs of various breeds and weights (age >3 years old) which were assigned to three groups: postcapillary PH, which included mitral valve disease/endocardiosis, precapillary PH, which included chronic respiratory diseases (bronchitis, collapse of the trachea and primary lung cancer or metastasis), and finally, a healthy group of controls. The parameters for RV morphology were RV1, RV2, and RV3 for systole and diastole. The following measurements were used to assess RV systolic function: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), TAPSE:Ao (aorta), maximum velocity of the tricuspid systolic wave obtained by tissue Doppler (S'), S':Ao, right ventricle end-diastolic area (RVEDA); RVEDA:BSA (body surface area); flow velocity integral (FVI) and FVI:Ao. The variables were assessed using ANOVA. The results showed that RV3d, RV1s, S':Ao, S', and FVI were able to distinguish cases of pre- and postcapillary PH in this study. Remodeling of the RV of dogs with PH was observed, which can be influenced by the pre- or postcapillary origin of the PH, with dilation in dogs with postcapillary PH and severe PH. The results for RV systolic function were similar, with FVI and FVI:Ao showing that RV ejection function is reduced in dogs with postcapillary PH and with severe PH.(AU)

A hipertensão pulmonar (HP) em cães é uma síndrome que pode ocorrer secundária às diversas causas, dentre elas, a doença cardíaca esquerda (pós-capilar) e a doença respiratória crônica (pré-capilar). Essa é uma condição importante que motivou os objetivos do estudo: avaliar ecocardiograficamente as consequências morfológicas e funcionais no ventrículo direito (VD) dos cães acometidos com HP pré- e pós-capilar, considerando também o estágio de severidade da HP (leve, moderada ou severa). A ecocardiografia foi realizada em 66 cães de diversas raças e pesos, com pelo menos quatro anos de idade, que compuseram um grupo com doença valvar mitral, ou endocardiose, outro com doença respiratória crônica (bronquite, colapso de traqueia e neoplasia pulmonar primária ou metástase), e por último, um grupo saudável. Os parâmetros para a morfologia do VD foram RV1, RV2 e RV3 na sístole e na diástole. Para a avaliação da função sistólica do VD foram mensurados: excursão sistólica do plano anular tricúspide (TAPSE), TAPSE:Ao (aorta), velocidade máxima da onda sistólica da tricúspide obtida pelo doppler tecidual (S'), S':Ao, área do ventrículo direito no final da diástole (RVEDA); RVEDA:BSA (body superficie area); integral tempo velocidade (FVI) e FVI:Ao. As variáveis foram avaliadas por meio da ANOVA. Os resultados mostraram que RV3d, RV1s, S':Ao, S' e FVI foram capazes de distinguir casos de HP pré e pós-capilar neste estudo. Observou-se que há remodelamento do VD de cães com HP e este pode ser influenciado pela origem pré ou pós-capilar da HP, encontrando-se dilatado em cães com HP pós capilar e com HP severa. Os resultados para a função sistólica do VD foram similares, uma vez que o FVI e FVI:Ao mostraram que a capacidade de ejeção do VD está reduzida nos cães com HP pós-capilar e com HP severa.(AU)

Research ideas and methods of protein and peptides in animal medicine based on transcriptomics-proteomics-peptidomics integrated association analysis strategy / 中草药

Animal medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, and its unique efficacy is irreplaceable in clinical application. In consideration of the main problems in the research of animal medicine, such as the uncertainty of chemical composition, pharmacodynamic components and toxic components, and the inadequacy of quality control system, this article established a research method of protein and peptides in animal medicine based on transcriptomics-proteomics-peptidomics integrated association analysis strategy, which mainly include the construction of protein database based on transcriptomics, high resolution mass spectrometry analysis, identification and activity evaluation of protein and peptide components. It attempts to provide a practical research method for the analysis and identification of protein and peptide components in animal medicine and technical support for further solving the key issues of animal medicine research.

Safety of animal traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections / 中国中药杂志

Animal medicine injection is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections. All or part of animals with a significant curative effect and little side reactions as raw materials as well as modern technology are used to produce traditional Chinese medicine injections with a reliable and rapid drug efficacy and high bioavailability. Due to the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine injections, imperfect quality standards, and unreasonable clinical use, the incidence of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injections has been significantly higher than that of traditional Chinese medicine for oral use. Animal medicine injections contain rich protein and fat, and heteroproteins are the main sensitization source in animal medicine injections. At present, the adverse reactions of animal medicine injections are mainly manifested in the anaphylaxis-like reactions at skin, mucous membranes and organ systems. The adverse reactions that occur during the first medication are more common. Specific causes for allergic-like adverse reactions in animal injections and related substances in traditional Chinese medicine injections made of animals that induce allergies or anaphylactoid reactions are currently not specifically reported. This article reviews the current adverse reactions of animal TCM injections, allergies and pseudoallergic reactions of animal TCM injections, the pharmacokinetics of animal TCM injections, and the combined use of drugs, in order to improve the quality standards of Chinese medicine injections for animals and provide reference for further safety related research.

Biological assay in quality control of animal medicines / 中国中药杂志

Animal medicine is a unique part of traditional Chinese medicine. They have strong effects, but their effective compounds are not entirely known. The efficiency and safety of animal medicines can't be effectively controlled by current quality assurance system and evaluation method, which has deeply influenced the development of animal medicines. Biological assay does not focus on efficacy of single component, but directly reflects the pharmacodynamics and safety of animal medicines by biological effect. With the development of biotechnology, many new technologies have emerged, such as biochip and high content analysis. Based on the related targets, pathways and key biochemical factors, the field of biological assay has been expanded. With advantages of pharmacology andoverall controllability, as well as the characteristics of in line with the quality control of Chinese Medicine, biological assay will become one of the important development directionsfor quality standardization of animal medicines.

Discussion of quality control of chinese patent medicine with animal ingredients based on national post-market drug surveillance / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To discuss quality control of Chinese patent medicine with animal ingredients, providing reference for standards improvement, quality supervision and regulated production. METHODS: Statutory standards and exploratory studies of Chinese patent medicines with animal ingredients tested in national post market surveillance between 2010 and 2014 were summarized. And technologies and methods developed for specific drugs were analyzed from the perspectives of safety, authenticity, effectiveness and controllability. RESULTS: Use of HPLC and GC is becoming more mature. Traditional microscopic and TLC methods can play a positive role in identification of animal drugs without index component. Mass spectrometry has been successfully applied in quality control of Chinese patent medicine with animal ingredients. CONCLUSION: National post market surveillance can provide comprehensive and elaborate evaluation on drug quality and can reveal potential risks. It's a powerful measure to promote quality of animal medicine.

Evolution and Development of Animal Medicine Varieties in China / 中国中医药信息杂志

Animal medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine with a long application history in China. Systematically understanding the history of the development of animal medicine is of great significance to scientific protection and rational use of animal medicine resources. It has certain guiding significance to protection of wild resources, exploitation of new substitutes, standardization and summary of artificial breeding, and artificial reproduction technology. Taking the development of bezoar as an example, this article expounded the following four aspects:the development history of animal medicine, national animal protection, technical development, and prospect forecast by summarizing the Chinese ancient medical books and consulting the relevant laws and regulations. The entire above are about to offer new ideas for the sustainable development, the development of new medicine resources, and the development of animal medicine related preparation product.

Current situation analysis and countermeasures on contamination of heavy metal in traditional Chinese medicinal materials in China / 中草药

Recent years, with the rapid development of industrialization in China, the contamination of heavy metal was worsening, and traditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMM) were also suffered. The data were collected in the literatures in the past five years, and Green Trade Standard of Importing & Exporting Medicinal Plants & Preparations was used as the standard to evaluate the pollution conditions of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and copper (Cu). The five heavy metals exceeded the limits of the standard and the percentages were 9.66%, 26.35%, 13.0%, 9.32%, and 16.09%, respectively. Moreover, statistics on the residues of the heavy metals in different categories of TCMM from various origins were also carried out in this paper. The results showed that the contamination of heavy metals in TCMM differently depended on the origins and categories. Studies on the rapid detection methods and the limit standards of heavy metal should be established immediately. At the same time, the regulations should be formulated timely and supervision also should be intensified. To solve the problems of excessive amounts of heavy metals in TCMM, necessary measures should be taken to control the contamination of TCMM.

Study on dry granulation technology for Ejiao granules / 中草药

Objective: To study the optimal technological conditions of Ejiao granules by dry granulation. Methods: The effects of rolling wheel press, speed, and powder feeding rate on grain yield were studied, and the dry granulation technology for Ejiao granules was optimized using L9(34) orthogonal test. Results: The optimal granulating conditions for the roll pressure was 60-70 kgf/cm2, powder feeding rate was 17-19 r/min, and rolling speed was 10-12 r/min. Conclusion: The study on the dry granulation technology for Ejiao granules provides the experimental basis for industrial application and spread of dry granulation technology in Chinese animal medicines.

De alveitares a veterinários: notas históricas sobre a medicina animal e a Escola Superior de Medicina Veterinária São Bento de Olinda, Pernambuco (1912-1926) / From animal medical practitioners to veterinarians: historical note on animal medicine and the São Bento de Olinda Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Pernambuco (1912-1926)

Os aspectos históricos da medicina animal, examinados mediante revisão de literatura indicam ruptura epistemológica, com as antigas práticas de alveitaria, com introdução dos princípios de racionalidade, a partir do século XVIII, na formação dos médicos-veterinários. Essas práticas curativas, entretanto, não começaram com a implementação dos cursos superiores de medicina animal. No Brasil colonial e particularmente em Pernambuco ocorrem registros históricos de práticas alveitares, mais tarde incorporadas ao currículo da Escola Superior de Medicina Veterinária São Bento de Olinda, pela existência de avaliação única no Brasil: o exame physicum.